The 5G New Radio (5G New Radio, 5G NR) caused a lively discussion at the Mobile World Congress (MWC) in February this year, with RP- in the Dubrovnik meeting in March. The 170741 proposal was formally agreed by the 3GPP. Then on July 10, ZTE cooperated with China Unicom to test in the 3.5GHz frequency band to realize 5G transmission.
To further understand, let's explore all relevant content. A brief overview of the 5G NR is given first, followed by a non-standalone 5G NR (NSA 5G NR) version adopted in Dubrovnik.
In order to increase the bandwidth of mobile communication to gigabits per second (Gbps), Qualcomm develops Unified Air Interface (UAI) and networks to develop 5G NR, which is critical for the automotive, medical and industrial services markets. It can also be applied to the growing IoT market (Figure 1).
Figure 1 will be a completely unified platform in the final development phase, but from now until then, 5G NR needs to operate separately before the independent and non-independent integration in 2018. (Source: Qualcomm)
The new air interface is designed to address the issues of these applications, combined with flexible spectrum usage, overall lower latency and lower cost per bit.
Based on LTE, 5G NR selects dynamic, low-delay frequency division duplex (FDD) and time-division duplex (TDD) multiple access orthogonal frequency division multi-task (interface-modulation and modulation) (mulTIple-access) The optimized version of OFDM) makes it compatible with current existing infrastructure and the future direction of LTE. The technology also emphasizes the use of massively multiple input multiple output (Massive MIMO), beamforming (beamforming) and low density parity check (LDPC), as well as frequency bands operating above or below 6 GHz.
The choice to use multiple access OFDM is relatively easy to understand, and OFDM has been widely used and understood, from the early Wi-Fi 802.11g to mobile LTE and LTE-Advanced Pro.
The above is the easier part. The demand for high-speed data transmission in the market is rapidly increasing. It is more difficult to let the 5G NR standard pass in time to meet this demand.
Divide 5G NR into twoAt the World Mobile Communications Conference in Barcelona, ​​Qualcomm and some companies, including NTT DoCoMo, SK Telecom, Vodafone and Ericsson, came up with ideas to make the 5G standard develop in two The versions are parallel.
But they still face a dilemma. From the edge interface to the core network, the 5G NR proposal will bring many changes, and it will take too much time to do this. Data requirements have grown dramatically at the edge of the network.
Later in the 3GPP Radio Access Network (RAN) plenary meeting in Dubrovnik, a group of 5G NR supporters, including AT&T, British Telecom (BriTIsh Telecom), Alcatel-Lucent (Alcatel-Lucent) Broadcom, Deutsche Telecom, Ericsson, Huawei, Nokia and Qualcomm propose a solution. They proposed the RP-170741 proposal to divide 5G into non-independent and independent (SA) 5G NRs, which will be divided into two parts to promote the growth of 5G NR while providing time for core network construction.
Non-independent is the use of existing LTE radio and core infrastructure as the cornerstone for mobile management and coverage when adding new 5G carriers. The proponents of RP-170741 will focus on the establishment of Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) 5G NR in 2019, which is part of the 15th edition of 3GPP (Release 15), compared to the original schedule. The time is one year earlier. In the terminology of 3GPP, the fast tracked radio is referred to as "NSA 5G NR deployment scenario OpTIon 3".
However, please note that the proponents of RP-170741 are not free from 5G NR and stand-alone (Figure 2), they still have to ensure commonality and compatibility between non-independent and independent. The standalone 5G NR will include complete usage and control capabilities, using the 5G core network architecture established by 3GPP.
Figure 2 RP-170741 proposes that supporters must complete the third phase of the non-independent 5G NR by December and provide an implementable version (ASN.1) by March 2018. (Source: 3GPP)
According to the proposal of RP-170741, the time of completion of the third phase of the non-independent 5G NR falls in December 2017, and the implementable version needs to be completed by March 2018. The proposal also pointed out that the time of completion of the independent and non-independent L1 and L2 User Plane in the third phase fell in December 2017. In addition, the current 15th edition (Rel-15) stand-alone 5G-NR schedule must be implemented (the third phase is completed in June 2018 and the ASN.1 is frozen in September 2018).
ZTE and China Unicom test sub-6GHz non-independent 5G NR networkIt is worth mentioning that before the full implementation, the 3GPP proposal only provides a 6 month advance start time for the non-independent 5G NR. However, these are the timetables in which the industry is currently operating. Recently, ZTE and China Unicom conducted network testing in Guangdong Province, China, which provided us with some views.
On July 10, the two companies announced that they use Massive MIMO technology to transmit data in the 3.5 GHz band at a rate of 2 Gbps per second. ZTE supports the proposal to operate separately and independently, so the company's testing The results will be included in the non-independent proposal. There are also different companies that have tested through cooperation, such as Qualcomm, Ericsson and ZTE, and announced 5G NR tests with AT&T, China Mobile, NTT DoCoMo, SK Telecom, Telstra and Vodafone. The tested frequency band is 3.3. GHz~5GHz, 28GHz and 39GHz.
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