We are at the beginning of a major automotive technology revolution, driven by collision avoidance technology and advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS). As cars become more intelligent and network-connected, they become more and more powerful, and various related technologies will continue to reduce the inherent risks for autonomous vehicles and possible distracted driving on the highway. In software-oriented transformations, programmable components such as FPGAs and SoCs are playing a central role.
Three cars, a revolution
Nowadays, in South Bay, California, you can see three cars that symbolize the worldwide trend of the automotive industry every day: the stylish Tesla Model S quietly passes; the back window is labeled 'U' The new Uber car picks up passengers; and the new Lexus SUV with LiDAR installed on the roof is driving along the street, while remote drivers anywhere in the world are busy collecting information. These everyday observations represent three simultaneous technological trends that are dramatically breaking through the current state of the car: electrification, networking and automation. Each trend is developing at a different speed, but all three trends have one thing in common: software!
Software: Improving today, innovating the future
Since 2004, the cost of electronic components in ordinary cars has doubled from 20% to 40%. Today's luxury cars typically contain 100 microprocessors, execute 100 million lines of software code, and control everything from engine timing to in-vehicle infotainment systems.
We are at a point in time: software, sensors and processors bring new car features, not just simple conversion of traditional functions from mechanical control to electronic control. Today's ADAS systems and tomorrow's autopilot systems will rely entirely on software to understand data from sensors, cameras, the Internet, infrastructure, and other vehicles.
The complexity of the car has increased and the car's value chain has changed. The trend of electrification, networking and automation is only to accelerate the transfer of its value towards companies that offer components and software, and away from the neglected OEMs.
This transfer will have two effects. First, software will be a key market differentiation factor, forcing OEMs to shorten production cycles and provide support and upgrades for legacy systems. Second, the shift towards software helps latecomers innovate in the industry and raise the barriers to entry.
In a typical car equipped with ADAS, many sensors can provide electronic control units (ECUs) with information about the external driving environment to achieve applications such as avoiding frontal collisions (FCA).
Figure 1: The basic ADAS architecture is equipped with a number of sensors that provide information about driving conditions for the ECU.
The electronic control unit then uses the software to determine if there is a threat and activates the brake actuator (or possibly other measures) to mitigate the threat.
Existing sensors for driving assistance applications are the hardware foundation for autonomous vehicles. Future sensors will be smaller, faster, and cheaper. But the real difference between the current ADAS system and the future of fully automated driving systems lies in software. No matter how fast the input data can be processed, the software algorithm that allows the car to drive more efficiently and safely in a complex driving environment than human driving is still the biggest challenge.
Programmable components accelerate innovation
As a bridge between communication-specific hardware and innovative software, programmable components such as Xilinx's Zynq-7000 All Programmable SoC have become the core of today's most complex ADAS systems and quickly replace less versatile ASSPs. . Integrating Zynq SoC's ARM processor and FPGA logic components on the same component can help OEMs build a highly integrated, fully programmable ADAS platform that can be adapted to the automotive product line and incorporate new enhancements To the demanding and evolving user requirements.
Automotive OEMs can play the role of Zynq SoC in many platform configurations. The component can be used as a multi-sensor, multi-function driving assistance platform, high-resolution video and graphics platform, automotive networking and networking platforms, and image processing and identification platforms.
In these applications, the user can implement the most complex and computationally intensive functional algorithms in the logic portion of the SoC and build continuous processing functions in the onboard ARM processing system.
Figure 2: The ADAS software algorithm must be able to handle the complexity of road types, speeds, and threats
They use high-speed I/O to connect to the sensor and create a highly reliable connection to the car network. Users can also quickly develop the ADAS platform by leveraging the IP provided by SoC vendors and their design tools and development environment.
The introduction of new products, such as Zynq SoC's Zynq UltraScale+ MPSoC version, enables OEMs to implement more complex fusion systems with any other programmable design platform that is unmatched by any chip architecture.
Consumer adoption and diffusion
Although OEMs have chosen different market strategies to launch ADAS and auto-driving functions, they have continued to launch more and more powerful ADAS vehicles almost every year since 2010.
Figure 3: A simpler system such as “Avoid Traffic Congestion Assistance†will be introduced first, followed by a system that can control the car.
Now that you have been able to get an early version of this technology, how fast is the consumer adoption?
This relatively high-cost car means that the penetration rate of ADAS-enabled cars and autonomous vehicles may be slightly slower than other modern technologies, but it is still much faster than traditional cars.
As with the adoption of other new technologies, pioneers and early adopters will help to deploy early deployment of ADAS cars, and once security benefits are proven and costs are reduced, they will gradually be accepted by most consumers. This means that the penetration rate comes from its advantages, not the cost.
To prove this conclusion, market consulting firm Marconi Pacific conducted a consumer survey on ADAS and autonomous driving. The results show that the initial appeal to consumers is the security and convenience of this technology. Safety will be the main motivation for family adoption, as they will understand how cars equipped with ADAS avoid collisions that cause passengers to hurt or even die.
Another important motivation comes from the reuse of time. Being able to cruise at speed on the highway without having to pay too much attention on the road will be an important driving force to accelerate this demand.
Marconi Pacific has established a new technology diffusion model to better understand the pace of introduction of this technology and consumer acceptance. This model is context-based and has many inputs. Key factors include the annual sales of automobiles, the date of introduction of ADAS technology, and the forecast of vehicle replacement.
The result is quite amazing. According to the model, by 2035, more than 50% of cars and 85% of new cars in all market segments will be equipped with ADAS cars or autonomous vehicles.
Figure 4: ADAS and Automated Vehicle (AV) technology will create another wave of sales peaks when consumers recognize the benefits of safety and convenience
Of course, different levels of ADAS and autonomous driving will have different impacts on society, including the degree of collisions per year, the impact on traffic congestion, and the impact on services such as shared or Uber.
Figure 5: According to this model, the cumulative sales of ADAS/AV technology will reach 85% of total car sales in 2035.
Car ecosystem meaning
The automotive sector and its related industries have formed a large ecosystem and penetrated into the global economy. It can be seen from Table 1 that ADAS and autonomous driving not only have a significant impact on the car but also on many surrounding industries.
As innovations in electrification, connectivity and automation continue to break through the status quo, not only do OEMs feel this wave of effects, but many other areas and businesses that have built around traditional personal cars have also felt. Companies that can quickly seize opportunities are about to succeed, and delays in importing technology will be doomed to failure.
Table 1: ADAS and autonomous vehicles will bring innovation in the car and many industries
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