The exciter is a harmonic generator that uses human psychoacoustic characteristics to modify and beautify sound signals. By adding a high-frequency harmonic component to the sound and other methods, it is possible to improve the sound quality and the timbre, increase the penetration of the sound, and increase the spatial feeling of the sound. Modern stimulators can not only create high-frequency harmonics, but also have functions such as low-frequency extension and musical style, which makes bass more perfect and music more expressive.
Use stimulators to improve sound clarity, intelligibility and expressiveness. Make the sound more pleasant, reduce listening fatigue, increase loudness. Although the exciter only adds about 0.5dB of harmonics to the sound, it actually sounds like the volume increases by about 10dB. The acoustic loudness of the sound is significantly increased, the stereoscopic image of the sound image, and the degree of separation of the sound are increased; the localization and the sense of hierarchy of the sound are improved, and the sound quality of the reproduced sound and the reproduction rate of the magnetic tape can also be improved. Because the acoustic signal loses high-frequency harmonic components during transmission and recording, high-frequency noise occurs. In this case, the former uses an exciter to compensate for the signal first, and the latter uses a filter to filter out the high-frequency noise, and then creates a high-tone component to ensure the reproduction of the sound quality.
The adjustment of the exciter requires the sound engineer to judge the sound quality and timbre of the system, and adjust it according to subjective listening evaluation.
The frequency divider refers to differentiating the sound signals of different frequency bands, respectively giving amplification, and then sending them to the speakers of the corresponding frequency bands for replay. In high-quality sound reproduction, electronic frequency division processing is required. It can be divided into two types:
(1) Power divider: Located behind the power amplifier, set in the speaker, through the LC filter network, the power audio signal output by the power amplifier is divided into bass, midrange and high pitch, respectively to their respective speakers. The connection is simple and easy to use, but it consumes power, there is an audio valley, there is crossover distortion, its parameters are directly related to the speaker impedance, and the impedance of the speaker is a function of the frequency, and the deviation from the nominal value is large, so the error Also large, not conducive to adjustment.
(2) Electronic frequency divider: The device that divides the weak audio signal, located in front of the power amplifier, divides the frequency and then uses separate power amplifiers to amplify each audio frequency band signal, and then sends them to the corresponding speakers respectively. unit. Since the current is smaller, it can be realized with a smaller power electronic active filter, which makes adjustment easier, reduces power loss, and interference between speaker units. The signal loss is small and the sound quality is good. However, in this way, an independent power amplifier is used for each circuit, which has a high cost and a complicated circuit structure and is applied to a professional sound reinforcement system.
The equalizer is an electronic device that can individually adjust the amplification of various frequency component electrical signals. It compensates the defects of loudspeakers and sound fields by adjusting various electrical signals of different frequencies, and compensates and modifies various sound sources and other special effects. The equalizer on the general mixer can only adjust the high-frequency, intermediate-frequency and low-frequency frequency signals respectively. Equalizers fall into three categories: graphic equalizers, parametric equalizers, and room equalizers.
1. Graphic equalizer: Also known as the graphic equalizer, through the distribution of push-pull keys on the panel, it can intuitively reflect the equalization compensation curve that is called out. The improvement and attenuation of each frequency are clear at a glance. It uses a constant Q value technology. There is a push-pull potentiometer at each frequency point, and the frequency bandwidth of the filter is always the same whether the frequency is raised or attenuated. The commonly used professional graphic equalizer is to divide the 20Hz~20kHz signal into 10 sections, 15 sections, 27 sections, and 31 sections for adjustment. In this way, people choose different frequency equalizers according to different requirements. In general, the 10-band equalizer frequency points are distributed at octave intervals. In normal situations, the 15-band equalizer is a 2/3-octave equalizer. For professional sound reinforcement, the 31-band equalizer is 1 /3 octave equalizers, most of which are used in more important situations requiring fine compensation, the graphic equalizer has a simple structure and is intuitive and clear, so it is widely used in professional audio applications.
2, parametric equalizer: also known as parametric equalizer, the balance of the adjustment of various parameters can be fine-tuning the equalizer, more attached to the console, but also has an independent parametric equalizer, adjust the parameters of the content including the frequency band, Frequency points, gains, and quality factor Q values ​​can beautify (including uglify) and modify the sound, making the sound (or music) style more distinctive, rich and colorful to achieve the desired artistic effect.
3, room equalizer, used to adjust the room frequency response characteristics of the equalizer, due to decorative materials for different frequencies of absorption (or reflection) and the effect of resonance due to the formation of sound staining, so must use room equalizer The objective is to compensate for the frequency defects due to sounding.
The finer the frequency band, the sharper the adjustment peak, that is, the higher the Q factor (Quality Factor), the finer the compensation when adjusting, the thicker the band, the wider the adjustment peak, and the more complex the transmission frequency characteristic curve of the sound field. It is more difficult to compensate.
The equalizer is an electronic device that can individually adjust the amplification of various frequency component electrical signals. It compensates the defects of loudspeakers and sound fields by adjusting various electrical signals of different frequencies, and compensates and modifies various sound sources and other special effects. The equalizer on the general mixer can only adjust the high-frequency, intermediate-frequency and low-frequency frequency signals respectively. In a communication system, inserting an equalizer in a tying system can reduce the effect of inter-code interference.
Compression limiter is the collective name of compressor and limiter. It is a processing device for audio signals that can compress or limit the dynamics of audio electrical signals. The compressor is a variable gain amplifier, and its amplification (gain) can be automatically changed according to the strength of the input signal and is inversely proportional. When the input signal reaches a certain level (threshold is also called a critical value), the output signal increases with the increase of the input signal. This condition is called Compressor; if it is not increased, it is called Limiter. In the past, the limiter used hard-knee technology and the input signal reached the threshold. The gain is immediately reduced, and a sudden change occurs in the signal at the inflection point (turning point of the gain change), and the human ear clearly feels that the strong signal is suddenly compressed. In order to solve this problem, the modern new compressor limiter uses a soft-knee technique. The compression ratio of the compressor before and after the threshold change is balanced, gradual, making the compression change difficult to detect, and further improving the sound quality. .
The pressure limiter can maintain a certain balance between the volume of the instrument and the singer during the recording process; it ensures the equalization of various signal intensities. It is also sometimes used to eliminate vocal vocal vocalization, or to change the compression and release times to produce "reversal" special effects where the sound grows small. In broadcast systems, it is used to compress large dynamic range program signals to increase the average transmission level while preventing modulation distortion and preventing transmitter overload. In the dance hall's sound reinforcement system, the compressor restricts the movement of the signal to the original program and reduces the dynamics of the music to meet the requirements of the sound reinforcement system and artistic activities.
Although compressors are used for a variety of purposes, modern compressors commonly use new technologies such as soft corners to further reduce the compressor's side effects, but it does not mean that the compressor's destructive effect on sound quality is not Complex exists. Therefore, in the sound reinforcement system, do not abuse the pressure limiter. Even if you use it, you should use the limiter to reduce the signal processing. This is not only the need to protect amplifiers and speakers, but also the need to improve sound quality.
1. The frequency of sound that the human ear can hear is generally 20Hz to 20KHz (Hz Hertz, unit of frequency).
2, all audio equipment, pickup, mixing, amplification, speaker sound will be due to equipment, materials and other effects, resulting in a sound signal in the transmission of some frequency attenuation or increase.
3, the equalizer can specify to increase or decrease the frequency of some need to be modified. It is often used to correct sound frequency curves that have been changed by objective conditions.
4, the exciter is to restore the loss of harmonic components of the audio signal, effectively expand the high-frequency bandwidth and improve the signal to noise ratio, thereby improving the clarity and expressiveness of the sound restoration. Of course, some people think that the exciter is actually creating a distortion, and the harmonic components brought by this distortion will sound very comfortable. If the benevolent sees the wise and sees the wisdom, I usually use it as MSG.
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