The full name of the equalizer is the room equalizer. It has a wide range of applications in audio systems, but in most occasions, it does not play its due role. It is an electronic device that can adjust the amplification of electrical signals of various frequency components separately. It can compensate for the defects of speakers and sound fields by adjusting electrical signals of various frequencies, and compensate and modify various sound sources and other special functions. Generally The equalizer on the mixer can only adjust the high-frequency, mid-frequency and low-frequency electrical signals separately. In communication systems, inserting an equalizer in the tethered system can reduce the impact of intersymbol interference.
Equalizer typeA filter inserted in the baseband or IF part of the communication system that reduces intersymbol interference and compensates. Divided into frequency domain equalizer and time domain equalizer.
Frequency Domain Equalizer
The frequency domain equalizer uses the frequency characteristics of the adjustable filter to make up for the actual channel amplitude and frequency characteristics and group delay characteristics, so that the total frequency characteristics of the entire system, including the equalizer, can meet the transmission conditions without intersymbol interference.
Time domain equalizer
The time domain equalizer is directly considered from the perspective of time response, so that the impulse response of the entire transmission system including the equalizer meets the condition of no inter-symbol interference. Frequency domain equalization satisfies the requirements of Nyquist's shaping theorem, and it is relatively loose to satisfy the condition of no intersymbol interference only at the decision point. Therefore, in digital communication, the general time-domain equalizer is often used.
Time domain equalizers can be divided into two categories: linear equalizers and nonlinear equalizers. If the result of the decision in the receiver is fed back to adjust the parameters of the equalizer, it is a nonlinear equalizer; otherwise, it is a linear equalizer. In the linear equalizer, the most commonly used equalizer structure is a linear horizontal equalizer, which is composed of several tapped delay lines, and the delay time interval is equal to the symbol interval. There are many types of nonlinear equalizers, including decision feedback equalizer (DFE), maximum likelihood (ML) symbol detector, and maximum likelihood sequence estimation.
1. Use the equalizer as a tone controller
A few days ago, I went to a unit to participate in an event. Out of occupational sensitivity, I took a look at the sound control room, but found that the 31-point potentiometer of the equalizer in the audio cabinet was neatly set into the shape of two ends and a middle bottom , Just ask, the sound controller said that this sound is nice, I can't help but be dumbfounded. Coincidentally, there is also a sound system, the equipment is very high-grade, all imported goods, but found that the potentiometer of each frequency point of the equalizer is in a straight line, I think the ideal site, its frequency response will not be a straight line Right!
Second, treat the equalizer as a feedback suppressor
One day, I went to participate in the acceptance of the system and found that the potentiometer fader at a certain frequency point in the equalizer was at the bottom, and asked the technician of the construction unit. He told me that this was a frequency of howling. Point, I attenuate it to the maximum, and howling will not occur. I can't say it! You try again immediately. So he took out the flower tube and pushed up the FM volume fader, but there was still howling. He was undecided.
Third, the equalizer as a necessary configuration of the audio system
Nowadays, there are many outdoor square activities, and mobile sound reinforcement equipment is increasing day by day, but I found that most systems are still equipped with equalizers, and they are all in working condition. Asking those who engage in sound control, most of them can't say the truth. Use it.
The above can be said to be a more common phenomenon. The good use of the small equalizer complements the effect of the entire audio system, otherwise the stability and balance of the system are destroyed.
We know that an equalizer (particularly room equalizer). Its function is very targeted. To be clear, it is to compensate for the frequency response of the sound system and the venue where it is located, so that it can return to sound in a relatively flat frequency response characteristic. It has no other effect. Any expansion of its scope of use is your wishful thinking.
In general, most of our common equalizers are graphical, 31-segment. The so-called graphic type is the position of the compensation potentiometer on the panel. The height of the potentiometer fader intuitively reflects the adjusted frequency point and the rise or attenuation value. . I will split the equalizer data to explain the interaction between them
1. 20Hz--60Hz part
This period of improvement can give the music a strong feeling, giving people a very loud feeling, such as thunder. It is a powerful feeling in music. If the lift is too high, it will be cloudy again, resulting in poor clarity, especially for audio equipment with poor low frequency response and excessive low frequency.
2. 60Hz--250Hz part
This section is the low-frequency structure of music. They contain the basic sounds of the rhythm part, including the main sounds of the fundamental and rhythm sounds. The ratio between it and the high school sound constitutes the balanced characteristics of the tone structure. Raising this segment will make the sound plump, and excessive lifting will make a rumble. Attenuating these two sections will make the sound thin.
3. 250Hz--2KHz part
This section contains the low-frequency harmonics of most musical instruments. If the boost is too much, the sound will be like the sound of the phone. Excessively increasing 600Hz and 1kHz will make the sound resemble the sound of a speaker. Increasing 3kHz too much will mask the recognition sound of speech, that is, slurred speech, and make the lip sound "mbv" difficult to distinguish. Excessively increasing 1kHz and 3kHz will make the sound metallic. Since the human ear is more sensitive to this frequency band, this segment is usually not adjusted. Excessively increasing this segment will cause hearing fatigue.
4. 2KHz--4kHz part
This frequency is an intermediate frequency. If it is raised too high, it will mask the recognition sound of speech, especially if the 3kHz is raised too high, it will cause hearing fatigue.
5. 4kHz--5KHz part
This is a frequency band with a sense of presence, which affects the clarity of language and musical instruments. Raising this frequency band makes people feel that the distance between the sound source and the listener is a little closer; attenuating 5kHz will make the distance of the sound farther away; if it is raised by 6dB at about 5kHz, it will make the entire mixed sound sound The power is increased by 3dB.
6. 6kHz--16kHz part
This band controls the brightness, macro brightness and clarity of the sound. Generally speaking, raising these paragraphs makes the sound magnificent, but not clear. It is impossible to cause the tooth sound to be too heavy. The sound becomes clear when it is attenuated, but the sound is not magnificent.
The equalizer can also be set according to the limit curve, or it can be adjusted by itself. Let the ears feel the sound most easily, this is the most natural and best! Do n’t force it ~ That will rape your ears
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