Diode is one of the most commonly used electronic components. Its biggest characteristic is unidirectional conduction, that is, current can only flow from one direction of the diode. The function of the diode is rectifier circuit, detection circuit, voltage regulator circuit, various modulation circuits. Mainly composed of diodes.
It is because of the invention of diodes and other components that we have the birth of our colorful electronic information world. Since the role of diodes is so large, how should we detect this component? In fact, it is very simple to use a multimeter to measure the resistance file. If the forward resistance is small, if the inverting resistor is large, this indicates that the diode is good. For such basic components, we should firmly grasp his principle of action and basic circuits, so as to lay a good foundation for future electronic technology learning.
The crystal triode is one of the most commonly used basic components. The role of the crystal triode is mainly current amplification. He is the core component of electronic circuits. The basic component of large-scale integrated circuits is the crystal triode.
The basic mechanism of the triode is to fabricate two closely spaced PN junctions on a semiconductor substrate. The two PN junctions divide the positive block semiconductor into three parts, the middle part is the base area, and the two sides are the emitter area and the collector area. There are two kinds of PNP and NPN, and the corresponding electrodes are taken out from the three regions, which are the base b emitter e and the collector c, respectively. The PN junction between the emitter region and the base region is called the emitter junction, and the PN junction between the collector region and the base region is called the collector. The base region is very thin, and the emitter region is thick, and the impurity concentration is large. The PNP-type triode emitter region is "emitted" by holes, and its moving direction is consistent with the current direction, so the emitter arrow is inward; the NPN-type transistor emitter region is "launched". "The free electrons, the direction of movement is opposite to the direction of the current, so the emitter arrow is outward. The emitter arrow is outward. The emitter arrow points to the conduction direction of the PN junction at the forward voltage. Both the silicon transistor and the germanium transistor have both PNP type and NPN type.
The triode is a kind of control element. The role of the triode is very large. It can be said that the invention without the triode is not as diverse as the modern information society. The tube is his predecessor, but the tube has a large power consumption and has been eliminated. The triode is mainly used to control the current. The common emitter connection is taken as an example (signal from the base input, from the collector output, and the emitter is grounded). When the base voltage UB has a slight change, the base current IB There will also be a small change. Under the control of the base current IB, the collector current IC will have a large change. The larger the base current IB, the larger the collector current IC. Conversely, the base current is higher. Small, the collector current is also smaller, that is, the base current controls the change in collector current. However, the change in collector current is much larger than the change in the base current, which is the current amplification of the triode.
It has just been said that current amplification is the function of a crystal triode. The essence of the transistor is that the triode can control the large amount of change in the collector current with a small amount of change in the base current. This is the most basic and important feature of a triode. We refer to the ratio of ΔIc/ΔIb as the current amplification factor of the transistor, denoted by the symbol "β". The current amplification factor is a fixed value for a triode, but the base current changes as the triode operates. According to the role of the triode, we analyze it to turn the weak electrical signal into a signal of a certain intensity. Of course, this conversion still follows the conservation of energy. It only converts the energy of the power source into the energy of the signal. An important parameter of the triode is the current amplification factor β. When a small current is applied to the base of the triode, a current equal to β times the injection current, that is, the collector current, can be obtained at the collector. The collector current varies with the base current, and a small change in the base current can cause a large change in the collector current, which is the amplification of the triode. The function of the triode is also an electronic switch, which can also constitute an oscillator in combination with other components, and the triode also has a voltage regulator function.
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