With the issuance of three 3G operating licenses, 3G network construction is in full swing, and the expansion and optimization of 2G networks is proceeding in an orderly manner according to market demand. With the rapid expansion of the network, operators are increasingly demanding energy consumption. Big. China Mobile and China Unicom's operation and maintenance expenditure report shows that in 2007, China's mobile electricity expenditures reached 7.6 billion yuan, China Unicom also reached 4.5 billion yuan, and electricity expenditures accounted for more than 80% of the operation of two mobile operators. cost. This number is still growing rapidly with the rapid development of China Mobile and China Unicom's 3G network. According to the energy consumption analysis chart provided by China Mobile, the current base station energy consumption accounts for 73%, of which the base station main equipment consumes 51%, the base station air conditioner consumes 46%, and other supporting equipment consumes 3%. As a large energy consumer, mobile base station products, how to accurately test their power consumption, is of great significance for operators and equipment manufacturers to seek ways to reduce energy consumption to achieve energy-saving emission reduction targets.
In fact, under the general trend of global energy conservation and emission reduction, through the analysis of the production needs of mobile operators, equipment manufacturers have long recognized the importance of base station energy consumption indicators for operators, such as within some well-known equipment vendors, such as Ericsson has a very complete test method and equipment specifically for base station energy consumption.
The real-time energy consumption of the base station is affected by many factors. The environment (temperature, humidity), base station installation location and heat dissipation mode, carrier frequency configuration and traffic volume, base station power supply, etc. of the base station will all affect the real-time energy consumption of the base station. Causes a relatively large change. In general, the base station energy consumption test methods can be divided into two categories, one is laboratory testing, the test environment is set up in the laboratory to simulate the actual operation configuration and service; the second type is the site field test under the scale networking condition. , completely real base station operating environment and business loading. In the product development phase, and in the initial stage of network construction, the equipment manufacturer evaluates the energy consumption of the networked products. The first method is used. For example, China Mobile has already organized major TD-SCDMA base station products manufacturers to conduct two of them at the China Mobile Communications Research Institute. Round laboratory power consumption test. The second type of method is mainly used in mature commercial networks, such as China Mobile GSM equipment energy consumption and energy saving testing. It is foreseeable that after the 3G commercial network operation is mature, the site power consumption test plan will be widely adopted by operators.
Second, 3G mobile base station power consumption overall test plan and configurationFor the integrated base station and the distributed base station baseband processing unit, the actual power of the whole machine is commonly used to measure the power consumption under the specified working state, that is, the input voltage of the base station is multiplied by the current under the specified working state; for the distributed base station radio unit In practical applications, the overall machine efficiency is used to measure the power consumption under the specified working state, that is, the total power of the top of the machine in the total power consumption. Regardless of the type of base station, the energy consumption test essentially measures the supply voltage and current values ​​that the device inputs at a given operating state.
2.1 Power Consumption Test Principle
When testing in the laboratory, RNC and CN can be replaced by Simulator. Auxiliary equipment mainly includes business loading tools (calling tools, signal sources, etc.) as well as RF channel switches, spectrum analyzers, etc.
2.2 Test Tools:
Multimeter (measuring voltage), embedded flow meter (measuring base station current), Agilent 34970 (long-term recording current value), power meter, signal source and spectrum analyzer (for laboratory testing)
2.3 Test environment:
Ensure the consistency with the actual base station operating environment. The environmental indicators of the waiting base station are: temperature range (22 ° C ~ 26 ° C), humidity (50% ~ 70%).
2.4 test configuration:
The test should be based on the number of carriers that each baseband board can support and the maximum number of carriers that the entire base station can support. The base station can be configured with different cells and carrier frequencies. For example, each baseband board can support up to 6 carriers, and one base station can support up to 6 carriers. Support three baseband boards, that is, 18 carriers, then the base station carrier frequency is generally configured to 1x6, 2x6 and 3x6, and under various different carrier fan configurations, the traffic channel is 0% (no load), 50%, 80% , 100% (full load) loading, recording the voltage and current values ​​of the base station in each configuration. For the power consumption test of the existing network devices, the typical fan configuration and traffic loading can also be specified according to the actual network operation of the operator.
three. Test method optimization analysis:According to the results of several rounds of power consumption tests organized by the previous operators, Ericsson's base station energy consumption shows a good gradient, that is, the power consumption of the base station equipment will increase linearly with the increase of the load value of the wireless equipment. The gradient distribution characteristics of power consumption provide a good technical reference for operators to select software energy-saving solutions in the later stage. In addition, when the base station is under high load operation, the nonlinear defect of the RF unit power amplifier will be amplified. Therefore, when testing the power consumption of the base station at full load, simultaneously monitoring the RF index such as ACLR can effectively check the performance of the RF unit.
Analysis of the energy consumption distribution of each module of the base station reveals that a considerable part of the power is consumed in the internal cooling system (fan, air conditioner) of the base station. Therefore, in order to obtain accurate test results, the ambient temperature and humidity of the base station under test must be able to It represents the operating environment of most base stations, and the installation method of the base station should be consistent with the actual installation. The working mode of the heat dissipation system of the base station to be tested is typically representative. In fact, the combination of power consumption testing and environmental testing of base stations is also a worthwhile solution.
In order to make the energy consumption index of the tested base station have guiding significance for the operator network operation and maintenance and equipment manufacturer product design, the base station should have rich software and hardware control interfaces to obtain the actual energy consumption value of each software and hardware module. This requires that the energy consumption indicators and test feasibility of each module of the product should be fully considered in the system design phase. The Ericsson base station product development department has always attached great importance to the energy consumption indicators of its products. The energy consumption parameters and corresponding test interfaces of each module have been clearly specified in the system design stage.
four. ConclusionIn summary, in the product design and development stage, the equipment manufacturer should standardize the energy consumption indicators of each module inside the equipment and use it as an important basis for the design scheme and component selection. Since the operating environment has a great impact on the energy consumption of the internal cooling system of the base station, in the power consumption testing phase, the operating environment in which the tested base stations are located should be standardized and consistent; the monitoring part is monitored during the full-load power consumption test. RF performance indicators can effectively check the linear characteristics of RF unit devices. The power consumption test should not only examine the overall energy consumption index of the base station equipment, but also pay attention to the gradient performance of the energy consumption indicators of the base station under different service configurations, which will become an important reference for the operators to select software energy-saving schemes.
With the construction and operation of a new generation of mobile communication networks, the energy consumption test of 3G mobile base station products will surely be a long-term and important practical work. It will run through network equipment selection, daily maintenance, and technical transformation. . We should develop scientific and effective testing programs based on factors such as product performance characteristics, working environment, and operational characteristics of the existing network.
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