Mobile consumer devices such as smartphones, tablets, and ultrabooks are facing increasing demand for rich, diverse, and instant network multimedia experiences. In the system design, from the screen and peripherals (such as radio, camera and data interface) to the application processor, almost every part will change. These changes have a major impact on the implementation of power management functions. In addition to managing the power of the entire system, it is also necessary to improve the efficiency of the power supply to achieve longer battery life.
For example, today's most popular mobile devices are equipped with multiple cameras, including front and rear cameras, some can also support 3D photography and video recording, and in some cases the resolution can be as high as 41 million pixels. At present, in order to achieve a better visual experience, the large screen size is becoming more and more popular, along with the use of capacitive multi-touch function, and in some of the most advanced models also tend to be equipped with a 3D function screen.
As far as wireless connections are concerned, in addition to GSM, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi and GPS, new applications that use Near Field Communication (NFC) technology for mobile payments have added more radio frequency (RF) connections. Today's tablet and smartphone users are also expecting high-quality call effects, namely louder and higher-quality speaker performance, high-quality microphones, and high-definition audio playback. In addition, the popularity of applications such as social networking and mobile web browsing means that users are constantly getting greater data bandwidth through 3G and 4G LTE.
Going deep into the internal system that the user has never seen before, the application processor has evolved from single-core to dual-core in just a year or two, and even to the current quad-core configuration, the purpose is to handle more and more diverse and high-performance Features. Some of the latest multi-core application processor series also integrate additional peripherals, such as DRAM controllers and media / image coprocessors such as ARM Neon.
The number of peripherals and processor cores that can be seen in today's mobile processor platforms is increasing, which is also driving the demand for increasingly complex power management functions. Power management must also be able to handle more complex charging scenarios, at least to meet the most likely charging methods for today's users when charging their devices, such as computer USB interfaces, car chargers, and conventional AC power chargers.
The impact of multi-core processors
Figure 1 illustrates the subsystems of power management in various smart phones. In order to power these subsystems, the power management IC must have enough buck or boost converters and low-dropout linear regulators (LDOs), as well as power-up and power-down timing, high-precision power consumption metering, etc. Demand, to provide users with the estimated remaining battery life. Because timing requirements are critical in multi-core architectures, power-up and power-down control is especially important for application processors. Intelligent power management also needs to handle an increasing number of sensors to support functions such as backlight dimming, camera gesture recognition, navigation, and proximity detection.
Figure 1: The increasingly complex power management functions in today's mobile devices.
When the processor architecture transitions from a single core to a dual-core architecture, power management designs generally tend to use the same power domain to power two cores simultaneously. With the advent of quad-core processors, each processor core is independently powered by the power domain of a single voltage regulator, allowing system designers more flexibility to control the power supply of each core. Each core in the processor can be shut down individually, and each regulator can be reasonably reduced to a smaller current that meets the worst-case requirements.
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