For many years, Microwave Devices has been providing devices for medical imaging applications such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) systems. While imaging applications continue to offer solid opportunities, many other medical applications are beginning to open the door to wireless microwave and RF technologies. For example, remote monitoring supports doctors who wirelessly send health conditions such as blood pressure, pulse, etc. to their patients at home. Other innovations are also helping hospitals and medical centers to track the location of assets and individuals. In the existing imaging market and new opportunities being created by wireless technology, the medical industry has become a real new market, and many microwave and RF companies have targeted this. Fortunately, many of these opportunities require only these companies to leverage their expertise in telecommunications and wireless LANs.
The use of imaging devices such as MRI is increasing, and more than 60 million MRI diagnoses are currently performed globally each year. They are commonly used to diagnose various diseases and injuries such as Alzheimer's disease (Alzheimer's disease), cancer cells, and ligament tears. The imaging system uses a variety of RF/microwave devices, including oscillators, transmitters, and antennas. For example, Analog Devices now offers a 32-bit data converter (DAC) AD5791 designed to improve imaging resolution.
The AD5791 has true resolution and accuracy in parts per million (ppm) (Figure 1). The AD5791 has a relative accuracy specification of ±1LSB DNL to ensure operational consistency. The DAC's low frequency noise is only 0.025ppm and the output drift is only 0.05ppm/C. Such low noise reduces undesirable image artifacts, thereby reducing the need for multiple MRI scans, so patients can be diagnosed in less time. The output can be configured as a standard unipolar (+5V, +10V) or bipolar (±5V, ±10 V) range. The 3-way serial interface of the AD5791 operates at a clock rate of 50MHz.
Figure 1: The ADI single-chip DAC is highly accurate and enables very clear diagnostic imaging images.
Spectroscopic applications are another growth market for RF/microwave technology in the medical field, which essentially achieves chemical analysis by illuminating light onto specimens. Recently, Agilent and the University of Texas at Dallas announced plans to create a millimeter wave and submillimeter wave electronic characterization facility. The facility will initially support feasibility studies for 180- to 300-GHz spectroscopy on CMOS for healthcare and safety applications.
HitTIte Microwave's new line of comparators also locks in spectrum applications. The company said the six comparators have the following features: 20Gbps, 150mW, 120ps clock-to-data output latency (Figure 2). Typically, they have a detectable input pulse width of at least 60ps, while the nominal random jitter is only 0.2ps. These comparators support a common-mode input voltage range of ±1.75V with typical overdrive and slew rate deviations of less than 10ps. The HMC874LC3C, HMC875LC3C, and HMC876LC3C monolithic comparators feature high-speed latching with programmable hysteresis, which provide low-swing PECL, CML, and ECL output drivers, respectively.
Figure 2: HitTIte Microwave's comparators meet the requirements of spectroscopic applications.
The company also announced three new single-chip 10GHz comparators HMC674LC3C, HMC675LC3C and HMC676LC3C with level-lock inputs. The three comparators support a 10 GHz input bandwidth with a transmission delay of 85 ps and a minimum pulse width of 60 ps at 0.2 ps RMS random jitter. They have an overdrive and slew rate dispersion of 10 ps and a power consumption of less than 140 mW. These devices feature differential latch control and programmable hysteresis and can be configured to operate in latched mode or as a tracking comparator. Like the rest of the family, they offer low swing PECL, CML and ECL output drivers.
Remote monitoring application
In hospitals, clinics and homes, remote monitoring involving wireless networks is probably the most prosperous medical market. The most attractive aspect of remote monitoring is that it can also be used to communicate with patients and educate patients. Of course, the need to send and receive information at the same time will have different requirements for the required equipment and network infrastructure. In a clinical study conducted in Illinois, remote monitoring was used to manage the administration of Gleevec. Gleevec is a drug developed and produced by NovarTIs for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia. The study will assess the use of a mobile-based personalized drug management system called eMedonline.
In this study, eMedonline, as a "smart service", leveraged the wireless capabilities of radio frequency identification (RFID) and mobile phones to turn a smartphone into a drug sensor. The mobile phone wirelessly reads and collects drug data from the RFID "smart tag" on the drug package in real time. It monitors the patient's reported results and helps verify that the patient took the right drug at the right time. The data in the phone is sent wirelessly to a secure server for clinical review and analysis using the data in the server. Alerts can be sent as appropriate to intervene in missed medications or adverse conditions so that they do not become a serious health risk. The original intention of this study came from the fact that patients often do not follow the doctor's advice.
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