Traditional microcontroller-based embedded applications often face new challenges. On the one hand, the information processing capability of the controller is limited, and it is difficult to meet the needs of a large number of data computing tasks. Adding a DSP coprocessor has become a last resort for many solutions. On the other hand, although current DSP processors usually have strong data processing capabilities, the necessary control functions of the system are not good at DSP. More and more systems are faced with the need to deal with multimedia data processing, large amounts of data operations, communication protocol processing, and system control tasks. It is this reality that promotes the continued popularity of the application of convergent processors that combine the characteristics of DSP and microcontroller. .
The Blackfin converged processor from Analog Devices is a new class of 16- to 32-bit embedded processors designed to meet the computing requirements and power constraints of today's embedded audio, video, and communications applications. The Blackfin processor is based on the micro signal architecture jointly developed by ADI and Intel. It combines a 32-bit RISC-type instruction set and dual 16-bit multiply-accumulate signal processing functions with the ease of use of a general-purpose microcontroller. This combination of processing features allows the Blackfin processor to play an advantage in both signal processing and control processing applications-in many cases, the need to add a separate heterogeneous processor is eliminated, greatly simplifying the hardware and software design tasks. Currently, Blackfin processors can provide up to 756MHz performance in a single core product, and also provide industry-leading power consumption performance as low as 0.8V. For meeting current and future signal processing applications, this combination of high performance and low power consumption is essential. In addition, just like traditional MCUs, these aggregation processors all use a user-friendly operating system and compiler.
The newly launched BF51x series brings four new members with distinctive features to the convergent processor family. Its lower price makes it possible for more terminal products to take advantage of the convergent processor and greatly reduces the cost threshold. At the same time as the excellent "gene" of high-performance and low power consumption of the embedded processor, many newly added features bring greater design convenience to VoIP, industrial and instrument applications, and portable products.
Lower price + integration of many new features
Although cost-effectiveness has always been one of the selling points of convergent processors, in some cost-sensitive product applications, designers still inevitably have cost pressure when choosing convergent processors, and the introduction of BF51x greatly reduces the convergent The entry threshold of the processor application, compared with the previous lowest price Blackfin processor, the price has dropped by nearly 30%, the lowest is 4.95 US dollars (25,000 pieces order quantity), as a high-performance convergent processor, this The price is already very attractive to many end product development companies.
Table 1: Prices and main peripherals of BF51x series processors.
The Blackfin processor has always adhered to the high cost performance of the product, and the BF51x has once again established a new high cost performance benchmark. The low price of BF51x does not sacrifice performance. On the contrary, it adds a lot of new features, including: 116KB of SRAM memory, 512KB of SPI FLASH memory, Ethernet MAC (IEEE-1588) with 3 phases in 400MHz Blackfin core PWM unit with PWM output, SDIO / CE-ATA and 8KB OTP memory. Among them, BF518 is the first low-cost processor that supports the IEEE-1588-2008 standard (IEEE-1588-2008 is the latest standard of IEEE-1588, and provides a protocol for precise clock synchronization for network measurement and control systems).
In addition to the above new features, the BF51x integrated features include: support for 16 stereo I2S digital audio channels, 12 peripheral DMA channels, and also provide a built-in advanced storage controller for implementing multiple sets of external SDRAM, SRAM , FLASH or ROM seamless connection, each processor includes two dual-channel synchronous serial communication ports (SPORT), a high-speed parallel peripheral interface (PPI), an I2C compatible two-wire interface (TWI), two PCs Compatible UART, and two SPI compatible serial peripheral interface ports.
Figure 1: Functional block diagram of BF51x applied to motor drive.
BF51x also integrates the Lockbox security technology widely used in the Blackfin family. Lockbox technology based on OTP memory can help solution providers and manufacturers protect their own intellectual property, such as drivers, operating systems and user interfaces, and provides support for personal data protection and device certification. By designing the security from the beginning, you can get stronger protection, and use hardware and software to ensure the confidentiality and integrity of security resources including keys, codes, and data. Through Blackfin ’s Lockbox security technology, solution developers can choose to use standard algorithms to authenticate digital signatures and use a secure operating code and resource-protecting processing environment, and the entry of safe areas is monitored by hardware. Moreover, with the help of Lockbox security technology, developers can use a unique chip ID on each Blackfin processor to uniquely identify each device.
Set a new benchmark for low power consumption
The converged architecture is the low-power "gene" of Blackfin processors. Compared with the discrete processor and device combination, a single converged processor with appropriate peripherals can achieve lower power consumption. In addition, ADI implemented dynamic power management (DPM) applications when it released its first Blackfin processor eight years ago. Since its introduction, Blackfin devices have always had the greatest power efficiency. BF51x standby mode power consumption is less than 1mW, these four new Blackfin processors can provide 8.5MMACs / mW (100 MHz) unit power consumption performance, the device has dynamic power management function, allowing developers to implement the processor during program execution Match power consumption with processing needs. The integration of peripherals with more optimized features provides a more targeted choice for the use of converged processors for specific applications, without increasing system power consumption for non-essential functional features.
The powerful processing power of the Blackfin processor is an important guarantee for low power consumption. For many applications, the 400MHz performance of the BF51x processor can fully meet the development of basic functions, and there is sufficient margin for functional expansion without the need to use additional coprocessors or add other hardware, thereby ensuring that the overall solution Low power consumption. Taking VoIP as an example, in addition to implementing basic VoIP phone functions, developers can add more channels, implement IP fax functions, and so on.
In order to achieve maximum power efficiency while achieving the highest performance with low power consumption, the Blackfin processor uses a variety of advanced design techniques, including: programmable voltage and frequency adjustment, clock cycle resolution dynamic clock gating, support for deep sleep and sleep Mode multi-power domains, high code density that minimizes bus activation energy, mixed threshold voltage transistors for optimal performance and power efficiency, fully customized processor cores for maximum power efficiency, and support for mSDRAM for implementation Minimum board power consumption. These advanced design techniques provide a low-power technology foundation for the BF51x processor.
Figure 2: Comparison of operating voltage, operating frequency and power consumption of the two cores.
Ideal for multiple applications
BF51x is a new low-cost entry point in the Blackfin processor family. This series of products achieves a balance of performance, peripheral integration and price, and is very suitable for cost-sensitive applications, including portable test equipment, VoIP, industrial and instrumentation equipment.
The feature-rich BF51x provides an optimized low-cost product platform for VoIP, speeds up customer development of VoIP products, and can meet different market needs: 10/100 eMAC features help products achieve low BOM costs; powerful processors up to 400MHz Performance can meet the needs of product function expansion, add multiple channels and extended features (such as IP fax) without changing hardware conditions; you can directly use Global IP SoluTIons' VoIP package VoiceEngine for Blackfin processors to accelerate product design, GIPS VoiceEngine Media processing function can meet the most stringent requirements of VoIP equipment manufacturers; single-frame BF51x processor can perform system debugging and deployment more quickly in a unified software development environment, saving overall system cost; can be provided to run on uClinux operating system VoIP reference platform.
The BF514, BF516 and BF518 all have on-chip removable storage interfaces, which further expands the convergent processor series into portable applications. All three devices have: Secure Digital Input Output (SDIO) interface for connecting to standard flash memory and Wi-Fi cards; power-optimized CE-ATA storage interface for small handheld and consumer electronics applications; embedding Multimedia card (eMMC) interface, used to integrate large-capacity flash memory in various consumer electronics, wireless, navigation equipment.
For industrial control and test and measurement applications, Ethernet (IEEE1588 and 802.3) / wireless connections enable ease of use, simple connections for high-quality measurements, system programmable flexibility, and transfer from 8/16 to 32-bit solutions Has become an inevitable trend. The various features integrated in BF51x are in response to this development trend, bringing more convenience and available resources for engineers' design: BF516 added Ethernet with Media Independent Interface (MII) and Simplified Media Independent Interface (RMII) 10/100 MAC; IEEE1588 eMAC is used for Ethernet precision clock synchronization and network connection; three-phase PWM waveform generator for AC induction motor or permanent magnet synchronous motor control, and orthogonal interface for rotary encoder.
In addition, BF51x also has advantages in applications such as power equipment, embedded modems, biometrics, and motor control. Taking the design of power secondary equipment as an example, especially in low- and medium-voltage equipment, BF51x has a rich interface and excellent processing control capabilities, which can realize a single-chip solution, thereby saving equipment costs and shortening the development cycle.
When selecting a processor for the core hardware platform, the available design resources (including development tools and software library resources) are also important considerations, because this will determine the difficulty of product development and speed to market. BF51x can use the industry-leading tools and starter kits provided by the Blackfin processor family, including ADI CROSSCORE software and hardware tools and VisualDSP ++ integrated development and debugging environment (IDDE), emulators, and EZ-KIT Lite * estimated hardware. In addition, a large number of software modules such as VoiceEngine provided by third-party partners of ADI, as well as software library resources developed by ADI itself, can effectively help customers use BF51x processors to launch product designs with low cost and high efficiency.
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