What is the core of powertrain technology development? Performance? Economy? Say yes, but in fact all of this, in the final analysis, is a source: efficiency. The energy efficiency ratio of the internal combustion engine is very low, which is also destined to have a lot of potential space to dig. In the past decade or so, almost all new engine technologies have essentially been developed around these two words.
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Where are the main drivers for manufacturers to improve efficiency through technology research and development? On the one hand, market competition pressure, on the other hand, it is closely related to regulations. Throughout the world, the most stringent regulations on energy efficiency are currently in Europe, which is the main reason why new power technologies often originate in Europe.
Now the new Frankfurt car is unveiled. At this "most European" international auto show, what new moves will the manufacturers have?
Traditional power: turbocharged, reduced displacement, reduced cylinder count, the trend is irreversible
In the past few decades, many people still have considerable resistance to turbocharged. When buying a car, there is often a saying that “do not take Tâ€. Until now, there are still many fans who are still obsessed with natural inhalation and do not agree with turbocharging, but the proportion is much smaller than in the past. At this Frankfurt Motor Show, various manufacturers are using practical actions to tell you: Now is not the question of whether to bring T, but how to quickly "match T". And not only turbocharged. Based on the turbocharger technology to reduce the amount of displacement and reduce the number of cylinders, this trend is becoming more and more obvious.
In the conventional model field, the proportion of natural inhalation using the three-cylinder 1.0T or 1.2T small vortex to replace the previous 1.4L or 1.6L has been increasing. This trend is actually in the domestic market, such as the launch of the new Focus 1.0T, it is likely to replace the current Focus 1.6L in the next year or two. At the Frankfurt Motor Show, similar examples have increased. For example, 0.9T of Lancia Ypsilon, 0.9T/1.2T/1.6T/1.8T of the new Reno Megana, 1.0T/1.4T of the new generation Astra and so on. Note that this trend is not only found in European cars, but also in Japan and South Korea. For example, Xinzhi Run not only has 1.6T, but also 1.2T. Baleno of Suzuki, also equipped with 1.0T.
The new generation of Opel Astra will be equipped with a 1.0T ECOTEC engine and a 1.4T ECOTEC engine
In areas where energy efficiency has not been particularly important in the past, especially in some sports cars that have been advertised in the past, the trend of turbocharging cannot be changed. For example, 911, although it used to have Turbo, it appeared as a high-performance version of 911 (ie 911 Turbo). The regular 911 Carrera, still flanked by horizontally opposed natural inhalation. However, the new 911 Carrera and Carrera S (not the 911 Turbo), which were released at the Frankfurt Motor Show, are all equipped with the new 3.0T twin-vortex-increasing horizontally-opposed engine, which is well divided by turbocharging characteristics. 370 horsepower and 420 horsepower. In this way, it also means the full pressurization of 911. It is foreseeable that the next step in this trend will inevitably affect Boxster and Cayman. This trend is certainly not unique to Porsche, Ferrari has already used 488 to show its attitude towards turbocharging.
The new Porsche 911 Carrera and Carrera S have abandoned the horizontally opposed naturally aspirated engine and switched to the 3.0T horizontally opposed engine.
In addition to turbocharging, the number of cylinders has also become a trend. At the Frankfurt Motor Show, the new BMW X1 with a 1.5T three-cylinder engine was unveiled as scheduled. If you put it five years ago, many people can't imagine such a combination, but now it seems to have become a new fashion. Will the future three-cylinder X1 be bought in China? The answer should be yes, and maybe it can become the main force of the entire X1 car sales.
All these changes are not for fun, fashion. Behind this, all are driven by the pursuit of efficiency. For example, in the case of the same power, the turbocharger is certainly not as smooth and refreshing as the natural displacement of the large displacement, but its fuel consumption is actually low (especially after the direct injection). No matter how the technology of the three-cylinder engine develops, the smoothness and vibration control cannot reach the level of the four-cylinder machine. However, in the space range of “0.5L/cylinder or lessâ€, the thermal efficiency of the three-cylinder machine is better than that of the four-cylinder machine. high. In order to take advantage of their efficiency, engineers have worked hard to solve their previous drawbacks (such as turbo lag, three-cylinder vibration, etc.), which ultimately made them an inevitable trend in the development of power technology.
New energy: plug-in hybrid singer
At this stage, the main development direction of new energy is plug-in hybrid, which has been said many times. At this year's Frankfurt Motor Show, there is nothing particularly new, and some are just further proof – more and more manufacturers are starting to introduce more and more plug-in hybrid models. According to this trend, the next plug-in hybrid will be the standard version of some mainstream models like gasoline and diesel.
There are a lot of new plug-in hybrids that can be seen at this year's Frankfurt Motor Show. Many have become series, such as Volkswagen's GTE series, Audi's e-tron series, Mercedes-Benz e-series and BMW's e-series. Among them, the new Tiguan GTE, Mercedes-Benz GLC350e, BMW's 330e and 225e, etc., are considered to be very worthy of attention. In addition, the new generation of the hybrid pioneer Prius also appeared in this auto show. In addition to its eye-catching new shape, its powertrain has been further enhanced – pure electric mileage has reached 50 kilometers.
Why is the trend in the European market to be plug-in hybrids rather than “unplugged†hybrids like the Toyota THS II? On the one hand, European manufacturers have previously favored diesel power, diluting the energy efficiency advantages of traditional hybrids and killing them. European manufacturers have a passion for research and development of traditional hybrids. On the other hand, the plug-in hybrid is indeed immediate in terms of energy consumption (in the case of local charging), and is more responsive to regulatory requirements. Of course, one thing is very important - in Europe, "plug-in" is very convenient.
Based on this trend, the promotion of “plug-in†in the Chinese market in the past two years has also been spared. This is meaningful for energy saving and emission reduction, but the premise is that the supporting needs to keep up, and the "plug-in" problem must be solved fundamentally.
Car cloud summary
When Europe’s carbon emissions regulations were just announced, they were once considered an impossible task, but now it seems to have become very normal. No one would like to have such a sword of Damocles hanging on his head, but the effect is positive and win-win – European manufacturers have made real-world conversions in powertrain technology over the years. Becoming a product competitiveness, can you say that there are no regulations for persecution inside? From the current auto show, the trend that has already formed will be irreversible. The powertrain of the future must be the world of turbocharged, small displacement, low-cylinder engines, and the plug-in hybrid will gradually become the supporting role from the running dragon, until the protagonist...
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