In the last issue, Xiaobian gave a brief introduction to the power system of the drone . Many users are very interested in the components in the power system. Then in this issue of the expansion of encyclopedia, Xiaobian will come to tell you about the motor.
Motor function
Commonly known as a motor, it can rotate the propeller of a drone to generate power. The power of the multi-rotor drone is derived from the propeller, which is the result of the rotation of the motor.
Types and differences of motors
Generally, the motor is divided into a brush motor and a brushless motor. For multi-rotor drones, small unmanned aerial vehicles usually use brushed motors, such as hollow cup motors; and those with large wheelbases, usually larger than 200 mm, use brushless motors. At present, most of the UAVs are mainly permanent magnet synchronous motors in brushless motors.
So why are motors divided into brushes and brushes? To put it simply, the brush motor uses a carbon brush to change the direction of the current, while the brushless motor discards the carbon brush and uses electronic commutation to reduce losses.
Service life
Brushless motor: It can work continuously for about 20,000 hours, and the normal service life is 7-10 years.
Brushed motor: It can work continuously for 5,000 hours, and the normal service life is 2-3 years.
Note: Working time is related to the use environment (mainly temperature). The higher the temperature, the lower the efficiency. Therefore, care should be taken to ensure that the motor temperature is within the benign range, which can greatly increase the service life and effect of the motor.
Energy saving
Relatively speaking, the power consumption of a brushless motor is only 1/3 of that of a brush motor.
Future maintenance
After the brush motor is worn, not only the carbon brush is replaced, but also the accessories around the motor such as the rotating tooth are replaced, and the cost is much higher. The main thing is that the overall functionality will be affected.
The brushless motor lacks a brush, and the wear is mainly on the bearing. From a mechanical point of view, the brushless motor is almost a maintenance-free motor. When necessary, only need to do some dust removal maintenance.
Basic parameters of the motor
Maximum current (A), maximum voltage (V), KV value.
KV value: refers to the speed of the motor at unit voltage. The higher the general KV value, the faster the motor speed.
For example, the KV value is 1000, which means: This motor is 1000 rpm at 1V.
Then at 10V, the motor speed is: 10V*1000KV=10000 rev/min
Therefore, in order to increase the speed of the motor, a motor with a low KV value can be realized by increasing the voltage, but when considering the motor, the voltage limit must be considered.
Motor naming
Four digits, the first two are the diameter of the stator and the last two are the height of the stator. For motors of the 4108 size, the stator has a diameter of 41 mm and a height of 8 mm.
How to choose the motor
The maximum pull force of a multi-rotor motor should not be less than 1.5 times the total weight, preferably twice as high.
The optional motor should pay attention to the motor KV number and the corresponding battery voltage and propeller size. A reliable manufacturer usually gives a motor parameter list, which includes the recommended paddle and the corresponding pull and current. According to these parameters, the corresponding electronic governor and propeller can be selected.
How should the motor be maintained?
If the drone has a troubleless roll when hovering or cannot land smoothly, there may be a problem with the motor. Try to recalibrate the fuselage before taking off. If there is still a problem, then it must be sent to the factory for repair in time to avoid the motor stall and the drone out of control or even crash.
In addition, before the flight of the drone, confirm that the motor is fixed with the propeller, and check whether the motor is dirty after the flight.
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